דיבור עקיף: Reported Speech
משתמשים בדיבור עקיף כדי לדווח מה מישהו אמר, בלי לצטט אותו ישירות במרכאות.
הזזת זמנים (backshift): כשהפועל המדווח (said, told) הוא בעבר, הזמן בתוך המשפט המדווח "זז" אחורה:
| ישיר | עקיף |
|---|---|
| "I am tired." | She said she was tired. |
| "I will call you." | He said he would call me. |
| "I can help." | She said she could help. |
| "I have finished." | He said he had finished. |
שינויי זמן ומקום:
today → that day, tomorrow → the next day, here → there, this → that.
שאלות בדיבור עקיף: סדר המילים הופך למשפט חיובי, בלי do/does/did:
- "Where do you live?" → He asked where I lived.
- "Are you coming?" → She asked if/whether I was coming. (if/whether לשאלות כן/לא)
דוגמה מלאה:
"I don't like coffee," she said. → She said (that) she didn't like coffee.